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Software (Version 1)                                        README.TXT
Copyright (c) 2008 Power Systems Consultants, Inc.         November 2008
	www.power-systems-consultants.com


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Copyright(c) 2008 Power Systems Consultants, Inc. All rights reserved. 

This Licensed Software and Documentation are deemed to be "commercial 
computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation" as
defined in FAR Sections 12.212 and DFARS Section 227.7202.
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This README.TXT file describes software for the CRC textbook:

	COMPUTER-AIDED POWER STSTEMS ANALYSIS, 2nd ed.
	 by Dr. George Kusic

                    published by:

		CRC Press
		Taylor & Francis Group
		6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
		Boca Raton, FL 33487
		270 Madison Avenue
		New York, NY 10016

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                              UPGRADES
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Upgrade versions of the software are available at the website:
	www.power-systems-consultants.com

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                              CONTENTS
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The following topics are discussed:

* Installation 
* About CAPSA_Software
 * Data files
 * Using the powerpoint interface
 * Uninstalling 

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                           INSTALLATION
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FROM THE CD
1) On the cd, run the program SETUP
2) SETUP copies all files on the cd into a directory C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE
   Every program in this directory may be executed from the CMD prompt.
3) To use the Powerpoint interface,
   a) From your computer, open the powerpoint program
   b) From the option menu in powerpoint, set security to MEDIUM
   c) Open the file software.ppt 
4) If Powerpoint requests the macros be enabled, do enable them.
5) Use the SLIDE SHOW option of Powerpoint
6) The Powerpoint interface contains brief run instructions.

FROM THE WEB-SITE
1) Create a directory C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE in your computer
2) Download the file CAPSA.ZIP into this directory and extract all files 
   into the directory. All programs can run from the CMD prompt.
DO STEPS (3), (4), (5), (6) as above.

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Once the CAPSA_SOFTWARE directory is in your computer, all programs can run
from a powerpoint interface. The powerpoint program MUST BE OPENED IN THE
CAPSA_SOFTWARE FOLDER so that the pointers to programs are not lost. The
interface must be run in the SLIDESHOW mode of powerpoint.If the macros in
the interface are not enabled, the editor does not function.

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                         ABOUT CAPSA_SOFTWARE
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Although a powerpoint presentation is used for access, all the 
software for Computer-Aided Power Systems Analysis is intended to be
independent of the computer operating system. The only exception is
that MATLAB is used to compute several dynamic reponses in chapter 1. 

Otherwise, every one of the computation programs is executible in the 
command mode of the computer. This allows the user to exploit the programs
for reasearch or study from their own database.

The executible files are:

	Chapter 1:
 dc_flow.exe to calculate simplified power flow on lossess networks. A
   network of only reactances is operated at fixed 1.0 per unit bus
   voltages to calculate real power flow on the transmission lines. In
   the real world, the transmission lines are not lossless, have line
   charging capacitance, and the reactive power into the network cannot
   be obtained to force all busses to be at 1.0 per unit voltage.

 dc_area.exe for simplified power flow on 2 interconnected areas 

	Chapter 2		
 zabczpn.exe to compute zero, positive, and negative sequence equiv-
   alent impedances for balanced or unbalanced a three-phase network 
   in a, b, c components using the symetrical component transformation. 

 Zpnzabc.exe to perform the inverse transformation from zero, positive,
   and negative sequence equivalents to a, b, c impedances.

 yabcypn.exe is a program to convert admittances in the a, b, c 3-phase
   network into zero, positive, and negative sequence equivalents

 l_param.exe is a program to accept 3-phase transmission line dimensions
   plus types of main conductors and type of lightning shield conductors
   to compute the series impedance of transmission lines Z=R+jX Ohms/mile.
   There can be either a 3-phase a, b, c,conductors of a single-hung
   or a double hung circuit a, b, c and A, B, C conductors with up to
   three shield wires over a 100 Ohm-meter conducting earth. The results
   of the  computation are the zero, positive, and negative sequence
   equivalent impedances. The lines are NOT transposed in order to show
   the coupling beween sides of a double-hung transmission line, and
   the coupling between the symmetrical component sequence elements.

 c_param.exe uses the same data file as l_param.exe in order to compute
   the equivalent zero, positive, and negative sequence capacitive suscep-
   tances in Siemens/mile for the transmission lines.

	Chapter 3
 zbus.exe computes the bus impedance matrix and SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS 
   at each bus for a positive or zero sequence equivalent network. The 
   inputs to the program are transmission line series impedance, the 
   transmission line shunt susceptances, and generator's sub-transient
   reactance and resistance.The network is assumed to be a balanced,
   3-phase network. The computed short circuit current in Amperes is
   according to the power system base specified by the user.  
 
	Chapter 5
 p_flow.exe is a basic power flow program for networks as large as 21 
   busses and 52 transmission lines/transformers. It employs the Newton-
   Raphson iterative algorithm for power flow computation.The transmission
   lines are pi-equivalent positive sequence elements. Transformer off-
   nominal turns ratios are defined a:1 with the 'a' side toward the from
   bus and the to-bus side as 1.0. Phase shift transformers or FACTS 
   series devices are defined as (a+jb):1 from-bus to the to-bus.The 
   program assumes only the slack bus is voltage controlled. All load
   busses or generators are P-Q unregulated busses.The output of the 
   program are real and reactive power flow in every transmission line
   and bus voltages and phase angles. The slack bus injections and network
   transmission losses are also reported.

   The IEEE 5 bus, 7 transmission line classic test network of Stagg and
   El-Abiad can be executed by the p_flow program by means of copying
   the file stagg.sss into p_flow.sss  

	Chapter 6
 econ.exe is an economic dispatch program that computes the minimum
   cost operating point for as many as 9 generators whose cost curves
   are expressed as quadratic functions. The computational algorithm
   is the Bolzano bi-sector method. High power and low power limits 
   for each generator are also input data.The network losses are des-
   cribed in terms of 'B' coefficients. If the 'B' coefficients are 
   zero, the result is dispatch without any network losses. The output
   of the program is the power of each generator (MW), system cost 
   ($/h),and the system Lambda ($/MW-h).
   
 ecnr.exe is a Newton-Raphson algorithm to solve the economic dispatch
   of the generators withtransmission line losses, and 'soft' limits as
   the generators power hits the maximum or minimum power points spec-
   ified by the user.This program can converge for cases where the 
   econ.exe does not converge because of the 'hard' limits.  
 
 rei.exe is a network reduction program. It is used to compute the 'B'
   matrix loss coefficients (without Bi0 and B00 terms) that approximate
   the network power losses as a quadratic function of the power of 
   each generator or tie line.The input data to the program is a solved
   power flow as executed by p_flow.exe. As a default, every positive
   power input bus is assumed to be a generator. The user can designate
   the busses to be saved for the quadratic calculation, and thereby
   keep tie buses with power dispatched to a neighbor. The 'B' matrix
   loss coefficients can be used in econ.exe or ecnr.exe programs.

 ucomt.exe is a unit commitment program that computes the least cost
   as accumulated over 8 time intervals to schedule on/off and power
   output as many as 9 generators. The constraints are a) max/min power,
   b) incremental cost, c) max/min up/down time, d) hot/cold start cost,
   and e) transmission line losses expressed as the 'B' matrix quadratic
   terms. The ucomt.exe is essentially the dynamic programming routine.  
 
	Chapter 7
 stat_est.exe is a Fast Decoupled State Estimator (FDSE) that accepts mixed
   sets of measurements of bus power injections and line power flows to 
   compute the best state of voltage and phase angle at all busses. The
   format of the data input is the same as used for the p_flow load flow.
   In fact, the FDSE executes from the p_flow.sss data file and returns
   the exact state as was computed in power flow. The user can modify
   the data in p_flow.sss to test the 'bad' data detection property. The
   user can set the threshold for 'bad' data detection. 
      If the numerical value of any measurement is set to 0.0, the FDSE 
   assumes this measurement is not used. Therefore measurements close to 
   zero should be entered as a small value such as 0.0001 so the FDSE 
   processes the data point in the snapshot. The default weighting factors 
   for all measurements is 1.0, but the user has the option to enter any
   desired weighting factor. 
 snap_ed.exe is an editor to change data in the p_flow.sss file and corrupt
   the measurerments with random Gaussian noise
 
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                           DATA FILES
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  The very first time each of the executabile files listed is run, it
  creates a data file with the same name and the suffix .sss For
  example when p_flow.exe is run, it creates the file p_flow.sss The
  file contains data of a base case for this program and the results. 
  If the file p_flow.sss exists, containing whatever data entered by a
  user, this is the case run by the program.
    For example,a user wants to run the classic 5 bus, 7 line power
  flow of Stagg and El-Abiad which is in the file stagg.sss The user
  simply pastes this file into the power flow data file p_flow.sss. The
  results of the computation are power flows and the state of the 5 bus
  network.

  If a user changes any numerical value in a .sss file with the names 
  of the CAPSA programs listed for chapters 1-7, the results with the 
  numerical change are computed at the next run of the program.

  Many examples from the textbook have a .sss file such that the user
  may duplicate the numerical results from the textbook. The user can
  change a parameter in the problem to study its effect.

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                     USING THE POWERPOINT DISPLAY
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  Remember to open software.ppt in the CAPSA_SOFTWARE directory and
  enable the macros, so that the editing interface is active.  

  Almost any computer has the storage for the powerpoint interface that 
  operates in the slide show mode.
  
  If powerpoint is not available every program .exe can be run from the
  CMD prompt. All the .sss files can be edited in the DOS editor, in the
  WORD program, in NOTEBOOK, or in NOTEPAD and saved as .sss files. 

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                        UNINSTALLING
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Delete all files in C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE and remove the directory.

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