IoT-enabled transformer health monitoring system
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Date
2026-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AIKTC
Abstract
Transformers play crucial roles in power transmission and distribution networks, and reliable
functioning of transformers ensures network stability. However, transformers can
be subjected to various electrical stresses and environmental factors that could lead to
faults in the form of overheating, overloading, poor insulation, and water infiltration. In
many cases, conventional monitoring techniques are based on manual and periodic observations,
which make them incapable of providing real-time data and detecting any
faults at the early stage. In this project, a transformer health monitoring system
is developed by using distributed architecture based on ESP32 microcontrollers.
In this system, each sensor will be attached to an individual ESP32 microcontroller.
Temperature, voltage, and current parameters are continuously monitored. Moreover,
a colour sensor is installed for analyzing the status of silica gel for checking
the possibility of any moisture penetration into the transformer. Data collected from
sensors is then sent to a master ESP32, which will process this information and display
results on an LCD screen in real time. This project enhances the reliability, efficiency,
and scalability of the system and offers a relatively cheap solution for monitoring and
diagnosing faults in transformers.
Key point: IoT, Transformer Health Monitoring, ESP32, Distributed Architecture,
Wireless Sensor Network, Temperature Monitoring, Voltage Monitoring, Current Monitoring,
Silica Gel Monitoring, Fault Detection