Theses & Dissertations (ETD)

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Alternate and low cost construction materials and techniques
(AIKTC, 2018-02-08) Magar, Rajendra; Shaikh, Mohammed Aqeeb Jamil Ahmed (15CEM14)
This study addresses the issue of ever-escalating costs of housing projects by designing affordable, economic residential projects by using low-cost housing materials and adopting new designing techniques and using software likes ETABS and AUTOCAD. In this study, various building methodologies and alternative low-cost building materials are explored and compared with conventional methodologies and materials from the safety, economic, durability, aesthetic and functional point of view. Prefabricated components like precast RC planks, precast hollow concrete panels, precast concrete/ferro-cement panels and alternative building materials like fly –ash sand lime bricks, solid concrete and stone blocks, cellular concrete, laterite blocks, dry-hydrated lime, rice-husk ash pozzolona and hollow concrete blocks are employed. In this study to appraise alternative building materials and technologies for wall and roof construction. This study encompasses the use of sound construction techniques by employing ETABS and AUTOCAD as tools for planning and designing solutions for low cost housing. The Project highlights the benefits of low cost and sustainable building materials over conventional and steel buildings, its scope and application to residential buildings and technology envisaged for the same. The main findings of the study are that consider Rs.225/Sq. ft can be saved by using the techniques discussed above. This proves that using low cost housing technologies is a cost effective construction approach for the industry. Keywords— Low Cost Housing; Precast RC Planks; Precast Concrete; Fly-Ash Sand Lime Bricks; Cellular Concrete; Rice Husk Ash.
Application of earned value and weibull analysis on performance of residential projects
(AIKTC, 2019-03) Gavaskar, Pradnya (16CEM05); Magar, Rajendra
Construction project managers monitor and control the performance of project. The Earned Value Management (EVM) is a tool that integrates three critical elements of project management which includes scope management, cost management, time management. EVM concept is used to monitor and control the project performance by using cost and schedule performance indices(C/SPI). EVM is a technique which is traditionally used to forecast project cost and time at completion. However, the application of EVM has some limitations due to unrealistic nature in forecasting cost and schedule performance. Conventional EVM has inability to address the uncertainties as well as their causes and effects. This study describes the major aspects of Earned Value analysis with probabilistic approach of useful statistical technique Weibull Analysis to enhance the effective monitoring and controlling in project management for residential projects. From this study it is concluded that the applicability of Weibull analysis in consideration of EVM is suitable in area of construction engineering and management. For that case study of two residential projects is considered in this work. Results are interpreted by studying nature of Weibull shape and scale parameters of datasets and further by computation of performance probability and reliability. From this study it was found that the applicability of Weibull analysis for evaluating and comparing the cost and schedule performance in conjunction with Earned Value concept of two residential building projects using performance probability graphs which can help to find out issues like delays and labour management to improve schedule and cost performance of residential projects.
Application of multi criteria decision making to simulate uncertainties in construction projects
(AIKTC, 2018) Magar, Rajendra; Katrekar, Shweta (16CEM06)
Uncertainty certainly affects the performance of a construction project. It can be generalized as the difference between result and outcomes from usually expected values. The values can be considered to be time, quality and economy of the project depending upon the project needs. In construction project management, the effects of unidentified risks and uncertainties obstruct the project time, quality as well as its economy and upset the project management and thus its development. Identifying the uncertainty and quantitatively analysing the impact on the project performance can notably enhance the exactness, validity and reliability of a project plan. This study describes a methodology to systemize, model, and diminish uncertainty. In essence, Multi criteria decision making model is developed, which is useful for analysing uncertainties even with insufficient information or vague records. The study presents uncertainty assessment methodology based on multi criteria decision making, which is an effective integrated project management tool to deal with a subjective conclusion; that is used to configure a large number of uncertainties. It included a questionnaire survey; based on the data obtained, the probability of factors causing uncertainties were quantified using importance index and multi criteria decision making. The study is to suggest a decision support tool to quantify the probability of uncertainties in construction projects by using importance index incorporated with multi criteria decision making. Using this theory an uncertainty assessment model was suggested. The developed model can be utilized by the construction practitioners like contractors, consultants and clients while critical decision making.
Cost and schedule analysis of a structure using earn value management
(AIKTC, 2017-05) Magar, Rajendra; Shukla, Manojkumar
High rise residential projects suffer from cost оvеrrun and time оvеrrun due to multiple reasons. Еarnеd valuе managеmеnt tооl can act as control check to review project cost and schedule оf high rise project. Althоugh, ЕVM is оriginatеd frоm manufacturing and industrial еnginееring, it can be applied to construction sеctоr. ЕVM is nоt practicеd in many rеsidеntial prоjеcts duе tо lack оf understandings thе impоrtancе. Thе main оbjеctivе оf this project is tо apply ЕVM tо a high risе rеsidеntial prоjеct and idеntify budgеt оvеrruns and prоbablе schеdulе slippagеs in the prоjеct thrоugh thе paramеtеrs such as schеdulе variancе, cоst variancе, schеdulе pеrfоrmancе indеx, cоst pеrfоrmancе indеx. This rеsеarch shall prоvidе еarly indicatiоn оf pеrfоrmancе оf prоjеcts basеd оn thе schеdulе and cоst analysis and fоrеcasting fоr thе еstimatеd wоrk tо cоmplеtе in a rеsidеntial high risе prоjеct. Using this ЕVM tооl tо track a оngоing prоjеct is еxtrеmеly bеnеficial and givеs an immеdiatе fееl abоut thе pеrfоrmancе оf thе prоjеct. Thе еxpеctеd оutcоmе оf thе prоjеct will shоw thе diffеrеncе in schеdulеd pеrfоrmancе and actual pеrfоrmancе оf thе prоjеct fоr a particular phasе оf thе cоnstructiоn prоjеct. Basеd оn thе rеsults and оbsеrvatiоns arisе frоm ЕVM tооl, cоrrеctivе actiоn can bе suggеstеd tо rеvivе thе prоfitability оf thе high risе residential project. In this report, study of ongoing construction project of Mahindra Aura is done. Calculation of construction data cost wise as well as month and activity wise plan value, Actual cost and Earned value for the project. From the study I come to a conclusion majority of construction projects are delayed due to time overrun and cost overrun. From the project parameters it is found that, the ongoing project is behind the schedule as well as over budget. Original completion time for the project is 31 months but project will take 3 months more for final completion work also the estimated cost increased from 27 crores that was planned to 27.83crore. Using this ЕVM tооl tо track a оngоing prоjеct is extremely beneficial and gives an immediate fееl about thе pеrfоrmancе of thе prоjеct.
Decision making for selection of optimum machinery in mega construction projects using artificial intelligence techniques
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Magar, Rajendra; Khan, Sakib Mohd. Dastagir (14CEM06)
Selection of machineries in construction projects is a central element in the planning phase of the life cycle of the project. Appropriately selected machineries are the lifeblood of any multistoried construction project and contribute largely to the efficient, timeliness, and profitability of the project. An error in selection can lead to large and unnecessary expenses arising from operational inadequacy or failure, and can produce an unsafe working environment which leads to undesirable expenses. It is assured that optimum selection of machineries lower the risk and costs associated with it.
Design of new green building using IGBC rating system
(AIKTC, 2017-08) Magar, Rajendra; Srivastava, Ashish Suresh (15CEM17)
Evaluation of worker performance in construction project using six-sigma
(AIKTC, 2019-03) Magar, Rajendra; Tanwar, Saif M. Shakeel (16CEM16)
The main objective of this work is to evaluate worker performance index for improving construction productivity and provide practical solutions for construction performance improvement by applying the six-sigma technique. Construction productivity and performance improvement are vital focus areas in construction industry. Many researchers have experimented various measures such as lean principles, just in time, pull scheduling, last planner system etc. to improving project performance. However, it is being observed that construction industry has witnessed a considerable decline in productivity in terms of both labour and management issues. Based on site observation, questionnaire survey, interviews and examining existing worker performance system, the scenario for worker performance was analyzed. The finding shows that the management and supervisors play key roles in improvement of worker performance. Worker performance index (WPI) is used to evaluate the worker performance quantitatively for various purposes like assistance to managers in planning, supervisor’s assessment and designing incentive scheme for rewarding best worker of any construction organization. Thus, with an improved worker productivity, overall performance of the construction project is envisaged. Further, six-sigma technique is used to validate and improve the construction performance and worker performance during construction execution phase. Managers and supervisors need to follow the management aspects, which is been recommended after the analyses done to improve the worker performance and productivity of construction projects. Thus, in this work, on basis of sigma level obtained, it can be concluded that WPI model proves to be successful for selecting a suitable worker according to their skills for desired work or a construction project with minimum defects with respect to their performance.
Experimental investigation and prediction of fly ash efficiency factor in concrete with cost economic analysis
(AIKTC, 2017-08) Magar, Rajendra; Khan, Afroz Naeem (15CEM07)
Fuzzy approach to risk assessment in construction industry
(AIKTC, 2017-08) Magar, Rajendra; Azam, Tasneem (15CEM18)
MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE: A CASE STUDY
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Magar, Rajendra; Nalband, Irfan Innus
Solid waste is generated from the society due to human activity which is unwanted, discarded and useless materials in the solid form. Management is a technique, principle and method for executing the work of effective disposal of solid waste whereas planning is the primary function of management which decides the future course of action in advance like rate of solid waste generation, methods of disposal and optimized route of transportation. Planning involves the steps like making forecast for achieving the goal, defining objectives, identifying the alternative course of action to achieve the goal. In this study an attempt has been made for proper management and planning for disposal of solid waste. The study area is selected from Panvel city, Maharashtra, India. Among the various types of wastes only MSW from the Panvel city is selected. In this work, an eco-friendly method of disposal is achieved by proper planning and management for municipal solid waste (MSW). Reducing, recycling and reusing is called as “3R” rule of solid waste and an attempt has been done to achieve this “3R” rule of solid waste. The total quantity of landfilling waste is successfully reduced, so the area required for landfill is also reduced which ultimately helps in saving land and respective economy. This also helps to prevent the land pollution as well it doesn’t cause any harm to environment and the public health. CIDCO is planning for 5.5 Hector land for landfill up to the duration of 15.5 years (from year 2017 onwards) but in this work it is successfully planned for 4.54 Hector land up to the duration of 25 years (from year 2017 onwards) which saves the wastage of land. In this work, the population of Panvel area for next 3 decades (in year 2041) is predicted. This population forecasting is about 1721730 people after 3 decades (in year 2041). Existing method for disposal of solid waste is landfilling and then covering the waste from top which is very traditional method. CIDCO has been proposed the quantity of landfilling waste 365000 MT/year up to the duration of 15.5 years (from year 2017 onwards) but in this work the quantity of landfilling waste is successfully reduced up to 230000 MT/year for the duration of 25 years (from year 2017 onwards). The suggested method in this work for disposal MSW is segregation and then composting, incineration and landfilling as per characteristic of waste. This helps to save land pollution and wastage of land. An optimum route has been selected which saves distance and time of transportation as well as ultimately leads to save the cost of transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW) these things have been achieved in this work for study selected from Panvel city. Keywords: municipal solid waste, eco-friendly disposal, optimum route, landfilling.
Management of municipal solid waste ash in soil stabilization
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Magar, Rajendra; Shaikh, Md. Wasim (14CEM14)
This report presents the analysis of municipal waste ash in soil stabilization for different engineering properties. As solid waste disposal being a major environmental problem, because of unviability of lands for disposal. Due to fast growth in construction industry, land is not available as per construction requirements. For dealing with these problems, solid waste can be incinerating to reduce its volume by 80%, and further can be used as soil stabilization material. It enhances the soil properties and also solves the problem of solid waste disposal in city. This work deals with estimation of engineering properties of soil i.e. shear test, maximum dry density vs. optimum moisture content and permeability. Experimental work shows that use of 10% MSW ash by weight of soil can improve the properties at larger extends. The foundation of a building or road is an essential part for effective transmission of load to the subsoil present beneath it. The quality of soil has large impact on type of structure and its design. The expansive soils are examples of weak soils, which encountered in foundation engineering for bridges, highways, buildings, embankments etc. Expansive soil undergoes volume changes when they come in contact with water. They show alternate swelling and shrinkage properties. It expands during rainy season and shrinks during summer season. Solid waste term includes all those solid and semi-solid materials that are discarded by the community.
Minimizing construction material waste by modelling order quantity and on-site rejection parameters
(AIKTC, 2019-03) Magar, Rajendra; Tiwari, Shivendra (16CEM13)
Construction material wastages are one of the biggest problems associated with waste management in developing countries like India. This work aims to study the occurrence, causes and degree of construction material resource wastage during the course of a residential construction project in India. Different causes of material wastage and top materials being wasted are identified and ranked using experience-based data from the construction industry personnel. Further, correlation analysis between causes and degree of wastagesrevealed a highly positive relationship. Regression analysis is used to model the daily production quantities and on-site wastage parameters to obtain standard equations for prediction of material wastages. The models developed are limited to work accurately only for the RMC plant from where data is collected during the course of this study. Similar models can be developed for different RMC plants with other techniques. Wastages can be reduced by optimizing the work processes in construction industry and recycling the unused materials wherever needed. In this study, similar kind of practice was adopted for minimizing concrete wastages associated with RMC and construction site just by optimizing the daily order quantities. A simple and standard tool namely, Economic order quantity (EOQ) were computed for the daily production of RMC plant as per site demand on daily basis. The differences in waste reduction in usual production quantity and as per EOQ practice were significant to reveal that the tools can be effectively utilized to reduce huge degree of wastages, diverting construction practices towards sustainability.
Modern approach to minimize risk in construction industry
(AIKTC, 2017-08) Magar, Rajendra; Kadam, Trupti (15CEM06)
Optimization of metakaolin in concrete
(AIKTC, 2017-05) Magar, Rajendra; Yadav, Ashok Kumar (14CEM18)
In present era the development of a nation is symbolized by presence of its infrastructure. There is a huge demand for sustainable development of infrastructure in developing as well as in developed countries. Concrete which is the most versatile and used construction material on earth. Cement as one of the most important ingredients of concrete has limited raw material resources. Use of only cement as a binding material not only imposes limitation on compressive strength of concrete but also leads to excessive heat of hydration, increases potential chloride attacks, adds to cost, reduces durability of concrete and structure as a whole. The use of Portland cement (PC) in concrete has significant greenhouse gas (GHG) implications, where the manufacture of each tonne of PC generates approximately 0.9 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Along with the reduction of green house gases generation by concrete, many mechanical and physical properties of concrete can be improved by partial replacement of PC with supplementary cementing materials (SCM). Typical SCMs include fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, Silica fume, ground limestone, natural pozzolans and metakaolin. Sometimes agricultural wastes such as rice husk ash, wheat straw ash and bagasse ash which are pozzolanic in nature are also used. Metakaolin is a calcined product of the clay mineral kaolinite. The experimental work carried out by replacing cementitious material with Metakaolin by 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent. The observations and behaviour of concrete mix is recorded at every stage. Important changes were noticed in workability and compressive strength of concrete at various stages (3, 7, 28 and 56 days).The results are very encouraging for using metakaolin in concrete for higher gain of strength (early age strength as well as final strength) and durability. From experiments it is clear that optimization of metakaolin produces better results in concrete.
Practical approach to construction industry using best value and six sigma techniques
(AIKTC, 2017-08) Magar, Rajendra; Rath, Sharvari (15CEM11)

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