Publication - Civil Engineering

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Enhancement in Teaching Learning Process of Engineering Geology through Project Based Learning for an Effective Outcome-Based Approach
(K.K Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education and Research (KKWIEER), Nashik, 2019-06-08) Joshi, Prabha
Engineering Geologist plays a very important role in Civil Engineering by interpretation of landforms and dynamic processes of earth to identify potential geologic and related man-made hazards that may considerably affect the stability and cost of structures. There is a need to invoke interest of learners towards geology and address its importance in civil engineering. Engineering geology course is a part of Civil Engineering curriculum, generally, for the Second Year Undergraduate learners and the content of the course is mostly confined to level 3 (application) of Bloom‘s Taxonomy. The challenge with the Engineering Geology course is that it is very vast to be taught in one semester and is full with new terminologies for the learners to be familiar with. It is observed that the vastness of the subject with limitation of time is not allowing the learners to get the real implication of the subject in the field of Civil Engineering. There is an urgent and dire need to make learners pragmatically aware of the implication of the theoretical knowledge at the actual site. One of the methods to achieve outcome based education in this case is by project based learning. It can enhance the level of learning from 3 (application) to 5 (evaluation) or even 6 (design). One such attempt was made through a small project on ―Geological Investigation and Landslide Risk Assessment in the Kharpada Village along the Mumbai-Goa Highway‖, wherein the learners identified the geological causes amounting to the potential cause for landslide, analyzed the data and provided the possible solutions. This paper attempts to bring it to the light the way in which the whole exercise carried out by the learners as a part of their project work inadvertently facilitated to improve their learning levels, thereby leading to an effective outcome-based approach.
Implications of Aggregate Geological Origin for RCC Design Under Indian Standard 456:2025
(NBM&CW, 2026-05) Patil, Dada S.
The inclusion of aggregate geological origin in elastic modulus estimation under draft IS 456:2025 marks a significant shift in RCC design approach. Dr. Dada S. Patil, examines how this move from strength-based to a more material-sensitive approach could influence structural behaviour, serviceability predictions, and overall design accuracy, and highlights the technical, practical, coordination, and contractual challenges in aligning design assumptions with on-site conditions.
Invisible Problem of Poor Compaction in Real Structures
(NBM&CW, 2025-12) Patil, Dada S.; Mujawar, Shafi
This study highlights the hidden risks of poor concrete compaction, showing how inadequate vibration increases porosity, lowers strength, and leads to misleading cube test results. The laboratory fin
Presumption of Good Quality of Mixing and Curing Water for RCC Structures can be Devastating
(NBM&CW, 2025-10) Patil, Dada S.
Dada S. Patil, Associate Professor at AIKTC, SoET, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, draws attention to a commonly overlooked but critical issue in concrete construction: the unchecked assumption that all water is suitable for mixing and curing - a practice that can lead to serious structural failures as presuming the quality of mixing and curing water in RCC construction, without scientific validation, can quietly sabotage structural integrity.
Ferrocement Water Tanks: A Cost-Effective & Durable Solution for India
(NBM&CW, 2024-07) Patil, Dada S.
This article explores the advantages of ferrocement water tanks compared to traditional Reinforced Concrete (RCC) tanks. It delves into the construction process, material requirements, and cost-saving benefits of ferrocement technology...
As Engineering Teachers, Do We Resemble A T20 Cricket Batsman or A Test Cricket Batsman?: Let Us Introspect
(International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2024-10) Patil, Dada S.
The title might puzzle the readers. The author positively hopes that the work carried out and the content presented in this paper with reference to an effective teachinglearning process, in general and teaching-learning mechanism in engineering education, in particular would probably convince the readers about the appropriateness and relevance of this unusual sounding title. The so called smart engineering students of Generation Z are habituated to shortcut and mechanical way of learning rather than in-depth and conceptual learning; so, they tend to pursue the teacher for a quick way of teaching. Hence, the attainment of various learning levels, as depicted in Bloom’s taxonomy, in a true sense, remains an ambiguous issue. The author shared his short video with the second year civil engineering students to carry out an interesting exercise through Google form survey. The video contained a demonstration of calculation of two support reactions of a simply supported beam, from first year engineering mechanics course. Intentionally, the problem was demonstrated in a highly mechanical way through the video, without explaining the concepts at depth. A Google form containing 8 questions was circulated among the students. In all, 46 students responded. The first question was exactly similar to the problem demonstrated in the video. It was correctly answered by 30 students, thereby making the passing rate as 65.2%. Questions 2 to 8 were related to the first question; however, critical thinking and conceptual teaching was needed to answer those. Most of the students performed poorly while attempting those questions. This clearly underlined a dire need of imparting strong fundamentals to the learners by an engineering teacher. Along with discussing the significance of various modern tools and techniques for an efficient teaching-learning mechanism, this paper mainly stresses upon the need of conceptual teaching. Key Words: Bloom’s taxonomy, teaching-learning, conceptual teaching, modern tools and techniques of teaching, e-learning, Google form survey, etc.
Concrete Mix Design for M35 Grade: Comparison of Indian Standard Codes, IS 10262: 2009 & IS 456:2000 with American Code, ACI 211.1-91
(International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2019-02) Patil, Dada S.
A rational & logical Concrete Mix Design to cater to the practical requirements plays a key role in concrete engineering. It is well established fact that the concrete is highly consumed material throughout the world. With the exponentially high demand of infrastructure facilities, the concrete requirement is on a very huge scale. Therefore, using the optimum quantities of concrete making constituent materials is of utmost importance in order to achieve the desired fresh & hardened properties. Owing to an enormous utilization of concrete in day- to-day construction work, economy is a vital factor to be considered. In India, mix design is carried out by following the rules prescribed in IS 10262: 2009 & IS 456:2000. As a well known fact, every country has its own codes to design a concrete mix. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the Concrete Mix Design of M35 grade by the American Code; ACI 211.1-91 with Indian codes IS 10262: 2009 & IS 456:2000. The outcomes are critically reviewed & the comments are given. Keywords: OPC, (w/c) ratio, nominal maximum size of aggregate, workability, slump, target mean strength, etc.
Utilizing Porous Light Weight Aggregates for Self-Curing Concrete: Mechanism & Practical Considerations in Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant
(International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2019-02) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B.
Concrete needs adequate curing in order to exhibit desired strength & durability properties. If the concrete receives insufficient curing, the cement will not hydrate fully. It is well known fact that higher fraction of cement getting hydrated produces the desirable compounds in the concrete. Moreover, it leads to an enhanced field performance of the concrete. Development of concrete with self curing (internal curing) ability can be the solution. Internal curing (IC) is curing the concrete from inside. The additives like Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP), Shrinkage Reducing Admixture (SRA) viz., Polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin wax, acrylic acid & pre-wetted light weight aggregates can be used as self curing agents. These materials facilitate extended hydration of the cement & cause lesser shrinkage. The research in the field of Self-Curing Concrete indicates the encouraging effects of these additives on degree of hydration, interface transition zone (ITZ), micro structure & other properties of concrete. The studies in the field show that Internal Curing has advantages such as reduction in shrinkage cracking, plastic shrinkage crack formation, water absorption, etc. The effectiveness of self curing has been proved in the laboratory, but the implementation on the field is yet not so common & encouraging. In this paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the mechanism & advantages of internal curing by incorporating Light Weight Aggregates. The paper also throws some light on how the internal curing can be practiced in the construction field. The practical considerations at the RMC plant are discussed. Key words: Concrete, plastic shrinkage, w/c ratio, autogenous shrinkage, internal curing, ITZ, chemical shrinkage, RMC plant.
Need of serious and professional approach towards the site visits for civil engineering learners for an effective teaching-learning process in its true sense
(K.K Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education and Research (KKWIEER), Nashik, 8th and 9th June, 2019) Patil, Dada S.
Enhancing Bloom's learning levels for an outcome based teaching-learning process in geotechnical engineering: A case study of failed boiler house
(K.K Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education and Research (KKWIEER), Nashik, 2019) Patil, Dada S.
Experimental invetifation on cohesion and angle of internal friction of crushed sand partially replaced with self-curing additive sintered fly ash lightweight aggregates
(UKIERI Concrete Congress, 2023-03) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B.; Shivapur, Anand V. ; Koppa, Nagraj
Computation of Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of M20 Grade Self-Curing Concrete with PEG-400 as a Self Curing Agent Using IS Code and ASTM Standard
(SSRN, 2020-10) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B.
The concrete does not attain its original shape after unloading as it is not an elastic material. It is a non-linear material as depicted by its stress-strain curve. Hence, the elastic constants like modulus and Poisson’s ratio are not strictly applicable to such a complex, heterogeneous and nonlinear construction material. However, an elastic behaviour is assumed for the analysis and design of concrete structures by making use of these constants. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is its inherent property of undergoing an elastic deformation. Higher value of modulus leads to an enhanced stiffness of the structural elements. Curing is one of the important parameters influencing the modulus value. Curing caters to maintaining the required temperature, preventing water loss and shrinkage associated with it. The Shrinkage Reducing Admixture (SRA) in the form of Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) liquid, added as a self-curing agent, plays an important role of reducing the water evaporation from the concrete mass, resulting into an improved water retention capacity of the concrete. PEG 400 is hydrophilic in nature. It plays a dual role of controlling evaporation and attracting moisture from the atmosphere. Self-curing leads to uninterrupted and effective curing by retaining the required quantity of water for an adequate cement hydration and maintaining the high relative humidity (RH), thereby resulting in to hard and dense concrete, with reduced thermal and shrinkage cracks. To provide a practical solution for the nonavailability of better quality water or lack of proper curing due to negligence, producing a self-curing concrete is a sustainable option. Generally, self-curing is advocated for the High Strength Concrete (HSC) having low water-cement ratio (w/c), because of chemical shrinkage associated with Portland cement hydration and low permeability of these materials. Moreover, it is an effective way to reduce the self-desiccation, autogenous shrinkage, plastic shrinkage cracking, drying shrinkage cracking and water absorption. Though the structural elements like Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) slabs are cast using lower grade concrete like M20, generally with higher w/c ratio, they are directly exposed to the harsh environment while concreting and a considerable period after concreting. To add to this, many times, the curing is not sufficient on the construction site. This leads to the undesirable situation of concrete properties not getting developed to their full potential values; the vital parameters being strength and modulus. Modulus of elasticity of concrete is known to be a function of its compressive strength. Development of required modulus of elasticity, for a structural element with a particular concrete grade, makes it adequately stiff thereby satisfying the limit state of serviceability for deflection. Excessive deflection of any structural element is highly undesirable phenomenon; moreover, it is well established fact in RCC theory that the slab depth is governed by the deflection criterion. This paper discusses an experimental investigation of short term static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of M20 grade of self curing concrete using PEG 400 as a self curing agent. Three different dosages of 1%, 1.5% and 2% of PEG 400, expressed as percentage of weight of cement, were used. The conventional cylindrical specimens were subjected to water curing for 28 days, whereas self cured cylinders were exposed to air curing in an open shaded area for 28 days. Indian Standard: IS 516- 1959 and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard: C469/C469M-2014 were followed for testing conventional as well as self cured specimens. The laboratory investigation was aimed at comparing the values of the two elastic constants obtained for the self cured concrete with that for the conventional mix, by both the methods. Though conventional concrete had highest values of density and compressive strength, it was observed that concrete with 1.5% PEG 400 exhibited greatest values of modulus of elasticity, by both the methods. Dosages of 1.5% and 2% of PEG 400 resulted in to higher values of Poisson’s ratio in comparison with that for conventional mix and 1% PEG 400 mix. Keywords: PEG 400, self-curing concrete, short term static modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, chord modulus, concrete density, stiffness, porosity.
Domain knowledge, adequate software skills and physical model making: A dire necessity for the undergraduate learners for an outcome based teaching-learning process in structural engineering
(K.K Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education and Research (KKWIEER), Nashik, 8th and 9th June, 2019) Patil, Dada S.; Magar, Rajendra
Enhancing the outcome based teaching-learning process through laboratory session to impart critical thinking to the learners: Demonstrating of conflicting results of various concrete workability tests
(K.K Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education and Research (KKWIEER), Nashik, 2019-06-08 ) Patil, Dada S.; Honnutagi, Abdul Razak
An effective teaching-learning process plays a vital and significant role owing to the fact that it has major contribution to improve the quality of education. The process needs to be dynamic, scientific, logical and outcome based in Engineering Education. The learning domains are broadly classified as cognitive domain (knowledge), psychomotor domain (skills) and affective domain (attitudes). Bloom's Taxonomy of learning levels, introduced in 1956 and revised in 2001caters to the classification of educational goals, objectives and standards. Moreover, it is pragmatically close to the cognitive domain. The Bloom‘s Taxonomy presents the ascending orders of learning as Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating. It is well established fact that, unlike certain Engineering Programs wherein the learners have to constantly deal with the soft wares, circuits, etc. in the laboratory, Civil Engineering Program comprises of bulky laboratories to cater to the material testing. Concrete Technology Laboratory is one among those. Workability of fresh concrete is one of the important parameters, defined as the ease with which the concrete can be worked and molded; the comfort and convenience with which it can be placed and compacted adequately. There are various tests for arriving at workability value of a fresh concrete. While dealing with Concrete Technology course during Second Year, the undergraduate Civil Engineering learners undergo theoretical concepts in connection with these workability tests and subsequently carry out laboratory tests as per the guidelines laid down in the relevant standard codes of their respective countries. The learners carry out each test of workability mentioned in their curriculum, separately. As a usual practice, they present their results and comments to the instructor. The combined effect of theoretical concepts learnt and laboratory experiments conducted in order to merely cope up with the curriculum requirements is that the learners confine themselves to the low learning levels of Blooms Taxonomy like Remembering, Understanding and to some extent, Applying. Moreover, learners get accustomed to concept. For a field expert or an experienced academician, such an exercise may seem meager. But, from learners‘ perspective, it adds a value through a bit of research component associated with it. The paper does not intend to explain the procedure of workability tests. It is directed towards directly using the workability test results to connect it to the enhancement of learning level and contribution towards improved outcome based teachinglearning process.
Performance of reinforced cencrete buildings during earthquakes: Effects of structural irregularities
(Pillai HoC College of Engineering & Technology, Rasayani, 2014-02-21) Patil, Dada S.; Magar, Rajendra
Static modulus of elasticity and poisson's ratio of M50 grade self-curing concrete using IS code and ASTM standard
(2021-02) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B.
Self-curing concrete: a potential material for rcc water tanks
(Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, 2021-02) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B.
Assessment of Feasibility of Sintered Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate as an Effective Self-Curing Additive for Sustainable Concreting Practice
(E3S Web of Conferences, 2024-11-22) Patil, Dada S.; Nadaf, Firoz; Parkar, Fauwaz
Effective curing is an essential requirement for a desired long-term performance of concrete. For 1 cubic metre of hardened concrete, 3 cubic metre of water is required; most of which is consumed for curing, thereby leading to an unsustainable practice. Limited depth of water penetration occurs in conventional method of external curing. Self-Curing (SCu), also known as Internal Curing facilitates uniform moisture distribution throughout the concrete. Moreover, enormous amount of curing water can be saved for a sustainable development. This is achieved by incorporating prewetted porous lightweight aggregates (LWAs); water held in LWA pores is gradually desorbed in to surrounding matrix over a period of time for an effective Self-Curing by maintaining sufficient moisture inside the concrete mass. Different types of LWAs are used for this purpose. The available literature indicates that sintered fly ash LWAs are used to produce non-structural and structural lightweight concrete; but their utilization for internal curing is not found. In this experimental work, feasibility of 4 to 8 mm spherical sintered fly ash LWA to act as an effective Self-Curing agent was assessed through various tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that LWAs were porous enough to hold sufficient amount of water. Higher specific gravity as compared to that of other types of LWAs made it desirable material from strength and density point of view. Higher water absorption rate within initial 30 minutes reflected it’s better desorption behaviour; highly desirable for an effective internal curing. Oven-dried LWAs were immersed in blue ink for 24 hours and then placed in a white cement paste. The thick blue ink corona around LWA confirmed about better desorption. This is not true of every type of LWA. Cement-sand mortar cubes were cast by volumetrically replacing sand by 10%, 15% and 20% prewetted LWAs for compressive strength tests at 3, 7 and 28 days. Prewetting was done for 24 hours and 72 hours. Conventional mortar cubes were placed under water; prewetted LWA-incorporated specimens were placed inside laboratory in an open air and directly under the sun. Conventional specimens exhibited highest strength values. Among Self-Curing specimens, 15% LWA cubes indicated maximum compressive strength; marginally less than that of water- cured cubes. 72-hour prewetted LWA cubes resulted in higher strengths as compared to that of 24 hour prewetted LWA cubes. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity values for all the specimens were between 3.16 to 3.68 km/sec. The experimental results indicated that sintered fly ash LWA can be used as a potential material to produce Self-Curing concrete. Key words: Self-Curing / desorption / sintered fly ash LWAs / mortar cubes / sustainable practice / water absorption / sufficient moisture / open air / sun / etc
Sustainable development through use of self-curing concrete
(NBM Media Group Publication, 2022-09) Patil, Dada S.; Anadinni, Shrishail B. ; Shivapur, Anand V.
Concrete requires suffucient curing to attain the desired strengh as well as durability properties. If the concrete is not cured adequately, cement will not undergo full hyderation.
Review on simulating uncertainties in construction projects
(International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018-02) Katrekar, Shweta (16CEM06); Magar, Rajendra; Khan, Afroz
Uncertainty certainly affects the performance of a construction project. The exact definition of risk and uncertainty is still not known. Everyone has their own perspectives. Though, it is accepted as the results and outcomes are likely to differ from expected values. The values can be considered to be Time, Quality and Economy of the project depending upon the project needs. Therefore, in construction project management, the effects of unidentified risks and uncertainties hamper the project time, quality as well as its economy and ultimately obstruct the project management and thus its development. Identifying the uncertainty and quantitatively analyses the impact on the project performance can notably enhance the exactness, validity and reliability of a project plan. This paper describes a methodology to systemize, model, and diminish uncertainty. Uncertainty management is one of the major problems faced in construction. Most of the solutions aim to solve the problem but it has to meet demands of all project criteria. The uncertainty is always evaluated at the start of the construction project but it should be continuing process with solutions at the time of whole project life cycle. The application of risks and uncertainties management is practiced in construction in developing countries and thus the result poses massive challenges in the project development and management. Therefore, this study provides a brief idea of various research taken place to simulate the identified uncertainties in construction projects. It also recommends the idea of uncertainty and risk and their consequences on construction projects management as one of the challenges faced in the construction industry of developing countries.

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