Electrical Engineering - Project Reports

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Analysis of electric power distribution system of a large nuclear power plant
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Syed, Kaleem; Davane, Sushant; Jayakrishanan, K; Jagtap, Rajesh; Sharma, Rahul; Shamnath, R
There have been a considerable number of nuclear reactor concepts proposed over the thirty years of applied nuclear power. A selected number of these have been developed to the extent that one or more plants have been built. Today, only three of these concepts are considered commercially viable. Two of these concepts are based on the use of uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 with light (or ordinary) water employed for cooling and neutron moderation. Of these two concepts, one is the pressurized water reactor or PWR developed by Westinghouse. The other is the boiling water reactor or BWR developed by General Electric. The third concept is based on the use of natural uranium with heavy-water (water enriched in the deuterium isotope) for cooling and moderation. This reactor concept has been principally developed and applied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.
PLC and SCADA based smart distribution system.
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Patel, Iftekar; Shaikh, Hamza (11EE43); Shaikh, Zafar (11EE48); Shaikh, Sajid (11EE44); Ansari, Junaid (11EE10); Shaikh, Siddik (11EE45)
In today’s world most of the systems are operate on automation. Because of that the automotive systems are most efficient. Automation means use of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) & Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) instead of electromechanical devices. PLC & SCADA based distribution monitoring & control means use of automotive system in electrical distribution system for monitoring the electrical parameters (like voltage, current, power factor, etc) & controlling if any fault occurs in electrical system with the help of personal computer (PC). Electric power distribution system is an important part of electrical power systems in delivery of electricity to consumers. Automation in the distribution field allows utilities to implement flexible control of distribution systems, which can be used to enhance efficiency, reliability, and quality of electric service. Presently, worldwide research and development efforts are focused in the areas of communication technologies revolution and application of IEC 61850 protocol in the distribution automation to make distribution automation more intelligent, efficient and cost effective. This report has proposed a model that illuminates the categories of data, functionality, and interdependencies present in a SCADA system. Main concept of the project is data acquisition and controlling by using SCADA software PLC. Here PLC is a medium between electrical system and Personal Computer for SCADA to take input and output bits.By using the parameters, we can easily control any load in our system to improve system operation, system reliability, etc. alternatively, SCADA and PLC communication system make it possible to integrate protection control and monitoring electrical parameter together for maximum benefit. It also discusses about the present implantation philosophies and current challenges in the distribution system automation. Further, EPRI ‘IntelliGrid’ project is discussed as an example of advance distribution system automation. Finally, communication aided advanced distribution system automation and its advantages are explained in detail.
High speed terrorist air fighter
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Kaleem, Sayed; Khan, Afroz; Fodkar, Salman; Dakhway, Sufiyan; Mulla, Saeed Ahmed; Khan, Abdul Hakim
The military use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has grown because of their ability to operate in dangerous locations while keeping their human operators at a safe distance. The larger UAVs also provide a reliable long duration, cost effective, platform for reconnaissance as well as weapons. They have grown to become an indispensable tool for the military. The question we posed for our project was whether small UAVs also had utility in military and commercial/industrial applications. We postulated that smaller UAVs can serve more tactical operations such as searching a village or a building for enemy positions. Smaller UAVs, on the order of a couple feet to a meter in size, should be able to handle military tactical operations as well as the emerging commercial and industrial applications and our project is attempting to validate this assumption. To validate this assumption, my team considered many different UAV designs before we settled on creating a Quadcopter. The payload of our Quadcopter design includes a camera and telemetry that will allow us to watch live video from the Quadcopter on a laptop that is located up to 2 miles away. We are presently in the final stages of building the Quadcopter but we still improving our design to allow us to have longer flight times and better maneuverability. We are currently experimenting with new software so that we will not have to control the Quadcopter with an RC controller but will instead operate by sending commands from a remote laptop. Our project has verified that it is possible to build a small-scale Quadcopter that could be used for both military and commercial use. Our most significant problems to date have been an ambitious development schedule coupled with very limited funds. These constraints have forced compromise in components selected and methods used for prototype development. Our team’s Quadcopter prototype is a very limited version of what could be created in a production facility using more advanced technology. Currently our Quadcopter has achieved only tethered flight because it cannot maintain a stable position when flying. Our next step is to fix the software so that we can achieve controllable untethered flight. We are also working on integrating our own Graphical User Interface (GUI) which will allow us to have direct control over all systems. Although there are many enhancements that we could do to the design, we have proven that it is possible to produce a small scale UAV that performs functions of interest to the military as well as commercial/industrial applications.
Distribution transformer : Monitoring & protection
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Farade, Rizwan; Belal, Ahmed; Khan, Farhan; Gujar, Ajay Shankar; Shaikh, Imtiyaz; Swamy, Sameep
The basic aim of our project is to protect the transformer against internal faults and ensuring security of the protection scheme for external faults. System conditions that indirectly affect transformers often receive less emphasis when transformer protection is specified. Overloading power transformers beyond the nameplate rating can cause a rise in temperature of both transformer oil and windings. If the winding temperature rise exceeds the transformer limits, the insulation will deteriorate and may fail prematurely. Prolonged thermal heating weakens the insulation over time, resulting in accelerated transformer loss-of-life. Power system faults external to the transformer zone can cause high levels of current flowing through the transformer. Through-fault currents create forces within the transformer that can eventually weaken the winding integrity. A comprehensive transformer protection scheme needs to include protection against transformer overload, throughfault, and over excitation, as well as protection for internal faults. This paper focuses on liquidimmersed transformers because the majority of medium and high-voltage transformers are of this type. If there is a fault in the transformer, by our project we can detect the fault in the transformer and there will be notification to the control room regarding the fault.
PLC & SCADA based substation automation
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Patel, Iftekar; Chitapure, Sirajuddin (12EE75); Ansari, Sameer (12EE76); Shaikh, Adnan (12EE82); Kondkari, Faizan Ahmed (12EE85)
lectrical power systems are a technical wonder. Electricity and its accessibility are the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century. A modern society cannot exist without electricity. Generating stations, transmission lines and distribution systems are the main components of power system. Smaller power systems (called regional grids) are interconnected to form a larger network called national grid, in which power is exchanged between different areas depending upon surplus and deficiency. This requires a knowledge of load flows, which is impossible without meticulous planning and monitoring .Also, the system needs to operate in such a way that the losses and in turn the cost of production are minimum. The major factors that influence the operation of a power system are the changes in load and stability. As is easily understood from the different load curves and load duration curve, the connected load, load varies widely throughout the day. These changes have an impact on the stability of power system. As a severe change in a short span can even lead to loss of synchronism. Stability is also affected by the occurrence of faults, Faults need to be intercepted at an easily stage and corrective measures like isolating the faulty line must be taken. As the power consumption increases globally, unprecedented challenges are being faced, which require modern, sophisticated methods to counter them. This calls for the use of automation in the power system. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are an answer to this. SCADA refers to a system that enables on electricity utility to remotely monitor, co-ordinate, control and operate transmission and distribution components, equipment and real-time mode from a remote location with acquisition at date for analysis and planning from one control location. PLC on the other hand is like the brain of the system with the joint operation of the SCADA and the PLC, it is possible to control and operate the power system remotely. Task like Opening of circuit breakers, changing transformer taps and managing the load demand can be carried out efficiently. This type of an automatic network can manage load, maintain quality, detect theft of electricity and tempering of meters. It gives the operator an overall view of the entire network. Also, flow of power can be closely scrutinized and Pilferage points can be located. Human errors leading to tripping can be eliminated. This directly increases the reliability and lowers the operating cost. In short our project is an integration of network monitoring functions with geographical mapping, fault location, load management and intelligent metering.
Faux tree
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Upadhyay, Ankur; Salmani, Sohrab (12EE97); Shaikh, Tauquir (12EE102); Ali, Naved (12EE103); Das, Rupesh (12EE114)
Trees naturally convert the carbon dioxide into oxygen. But today because of Greed Selfish Humans are cutting trees and forests and on that place we humans are building white cement forest. Thus we humans are not getting pure air. Population is increasing and number of tress are decreasing , just like mad society people are cutting tress after tress , even they are cutting hills to build a building to earn money.Co2 is not good for humans but Trees convert water into oxygen which we humans need to survive. This will lead to Global warming problems, Acid Rain, respiratory disease many more. But do not worry now Artificial Trees will do this Job in future.Research and experimentation on the concept of lighting; innovation and technology in the utilization and control of light; extreme attention to eco-compatible materials and to environmental needs in general; a deeply rooted vocation for fine design: these are the values that distinguish Arsenide and the principles that underlie this new concept of public lighting. Solar oxygen Tree is the successful marriage of the most advanced technology and the aesthetic requirements of the urban environment by way of renewable energy. Arsenide has dedicated its formidable skill and commitment to realizing these objectives, driven by a passion for research and sustainability and by an innate love of excellent design.
Analysis and Implementation of H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
(AIKTC, 2015-05) Tiwari, Vivek; Shaikh, Mohammed Sadique; Shaikh, Imran Jainuddin; Shaikh, Ghulam; Shaikh, Arshad; Ziyaul, Mujeebul
ABSTRACT The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. The voltage source inverters produce an output voltage or a current with levels either 0 or positive or negativeVdc. They are known as two-level inverters. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. Multilevel inverter has advantage like minimum harmonic distortion. Multi-level inverters are emerging as the new breed of power converter options for high power applications. They typically synthesize the stair –case voltage waveform (from several dc sources) which has reduced harmonic content. In this project work, voltage THD analysis of H-bridge multilevel inverter and hardware model of Three-level single phase cascade H-Bridge inverter has been developed using MOSFETS/IGBTS. Gating signals for these MOSFETS/IGBTS have been generated by designing comparators. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS/IGBTS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses ( by varying the reference signals magnitude of the comparator ). The results of hardware are compared with simulation results. Simulation models (designed in SIMULINK) have been developed up to five levels and THD in all the cases have been identified.
Embeded control of Z-Source inverter
(AIKTC, 2015-12) Bodhle, Gulrez; Hussain, Raeen; Hahasmati, Mohsin; Yusuf, Mohammed; Shaikh, Rashid
Traditionally Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and Current Source Inverter (CSI) fed induction motor drives have a limited output voltage range. Conventional VSI and CSI support only current buck DC-AC power conversion and need a relatively complex modulator. The limitations of VSI and CSI are overcome by Z-source inverter. The Z-source inverter system employs a unique LC network in the DC link and a small capacitor on the AC side of the diode front end. By controlling the shoot-through duty cycle, the Z-source can produce any desired output AC voltage, even greater than the line voltage (i.e. 325V for 230V AC) regardless of the input voltage. The proposed Z-source inverter system provides ridethrough capability during voltage sags, reduces line harmonics, improves power factor and reliability, and extends the output voltage range. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results were presented to demonstrate these features. This system reduces harmonics, electromagnetic interference noise and it has low common mode noise. Index Terms: current source inverter (CSI), voltage source inverter (VSI), Z-source inverter (ZSI), electro magnetic interference (EMI)
Universal input iniversal output power converter
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Syed, Kaleem; Shaikh, Abrar (13EE66); Shaikh, Asim (13EE75); Momin, Bilal (12EE29); Khan, Salahuddin (12EE24)
We aimed at integrating nearly all power converters to obtain any kind of output for any given input (provided input has sufficient power) by smart switching of relays with the help of microcontroller. To economize the project, components are shared between modules and smart-switching enables the same components to act as different modules at different times. We envisioned about this new type of converter because the power converters available in market provides single conversion process. This makes us purchase different power converters to perform different conversion operations. There are few converters which provide multiple outputs but they too support only single input. We were surprised to find that there is not a single converter in this market which can meet all conversion needs and this motivated us to make this project. The aim of this project is not to build a new type of power supply. Rather it is to integrate all the available converters in an efficient manner while keeping the cost low. This project is not about just connecting various power converter modules with wires. But it is about smart switching between various modules to give desired output for any available input using microcontroller. UiUo Power Converter brings all the available converters in a single modular setup in an efficient manner. No such power converter is available in the market and by making this project we are opening a whole new world of possibilities of conversion with just single module. Our project will provide compact & all-in-one power converter to field research teams or to anyone in need of multiple power conversions.
Frictionless braking system of wind turbine
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Patel, Iftekar
Frictionless braking of wind turbine is a robust technique which is used in order to provide effective braking for wind turbines which is a non-conventional source. It provides safety against failures like over-speeding of wind turbines. It is advantageous because it provides suitable braking by frictionless brake. Most of the braking systems utilize friction forces to transform the kinetic energy of a moving body into heat that is dissipated by the braking pads. The over use of friction-type braking systems causes the temperature of the braking pads to rise, reducing the effectiveness of the system. There relative motion between the magnet and the metal (or alloy) conductor produces an eddy current that induces a reverse magnetic field and results in deceleration. This braking is provided by generation of eddy current phenomena. This eddy current is produce in the stationary plate which opposes the rotary motion of rotating plate and finally rotating plate is being stopped. The many of advantages it having non-contact, no wear, no electric actuation ,light in weight so it can be very useful for wind turbine. Without using friction, an eddy-current braking system transforms the kinetic energy of the moving body into heat energy that is dissipated through the eddy current in the conductor. This concept is used for the braking of wind turbine to avoid the failure of wind turbine.
Automatic solar tracking with MPPT
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Upadhyay, Ankur; Ansari, Adnan (11EE09); Ansari, Mohd. Arsalan (11EE29); Gori, Altamash (12EE70); Mulla, Abdul (11EE04)
The project deals with use of alternative energy resource for power generation which can be used to supply power in domestic application. Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy and Green Energy System. Solar energy has a major advantage for no impure outlets but problem associated with solar is less efficiency and high cost. The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8x1011MW, which is many thousand times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all commercial energy sources. Solar tracking system can be used as a power generating method from sunlight. This method of power generation is simple and is taken from natural resource. This needs only maximum sunlight to generate power. This project presents for power generation and sensor based solar tracking system to utilize the maximum solar energy through solar panel by setting the equipment to get maximum sunlight automatically in real time. This proposed system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When there is decrease in intensity of light, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum intensity of light. The proposed method is to design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and control the DC motor driver for the panel movement, and construct a Buck- Boost converter for to step up and step-down the voltage, and store the maximum utilized output voltage in Lead-Acid Battery.
Power saver for industrial and commercial establishment
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Syed, Kaleem; Gajangi, Vivya (11EE01); Ansari, Salma (12EE01); Mumbaikar, Shraddha (12EE02); Verma, Aarti (12EE03)
Power saver for industrial and commercial establishment can be used in places like where lighting is very important. The industries will be well illuminated with many lamps. When people are not present at a working place the lighting can be made OFF and when they are present, the lighting made ON. All these can be done through by IR sensor and LDR sensor. If a person entering to the monitored area, the IR sensors activates and sense the person, these sensation are given to the micro controller. The Infrared energy emitted from the living body is focused by a Fresnel lens segment. Then only the IR sensor activates. After sensing the person LDR checks the light intensity of the monitored area, whether it is bright or dark. Depending on the LDR output, the lamp may be ON / OFF. To display these working we are using LCD display. Our project helps in reducing the electricity bills.
Auto selection of any available phase in a three phase supply system
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Bodhle, Gulrez; Biya, Saad (12EE10); Khan, Mohd. Sharikh (12EE55); Shaikh, Tanveer (12EE55); Shravankumar, Dilip (12EE58)
In today's modern world where the demand of the consumers for electricity requirement is going on day by day. To achieve this ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM is the heart which continuously pumps the electricity from one end to other end by means of transmission and distribution system. During this process if any of the phases of healthy phases runs out then the production process at that end gets hindered which leads to economic and productivity losses. In our project we have shown by means of electrical and electronic components how auto selection can be done. We will be showing it by means of various graphs indicating various electrical parameters. We hope that our project would be successful and it would be adopted as well in the power system component
Coreless generator
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Syed, Kaleem; Khan, Faisal (11EE23); Khan, Mohd. Nawaz (11EE25); Shaikh, Abdullah (11EE37); Ansari, Aasif (11EE07)
The project deals with the construction of a single phase Permanent Magnet Generator for Wind energy applications. Problems with the existing generators is the presence of Iron core Stators which cause iron losses comprising of Eddy current and Hysteresis losses. Idea is to build an ironless stator which will eliminate these losses. This stator is formed with the help of a mould. Design aspects of the generator comprises of double rotor and concentrated winding. There is an inner and an outer Rotor between which lies stator. The stator is moulded and in the mould are affixed coils of the concentrated winding type. Since the generator will be working in low rpm conditions (considering the velocity of wind), number of poles has to be high. The selection of the poles for this machine is therefore 20 on each rotor. The current is induced in the active length of the coil by Faraday’s laws of Electromagnetic Induction. The coil consists of a multiple number of turns. Alternate poles N and S are produced along the rotor magnets. When the coil passes through a single set of poles a positive cycle of emf is induced in it and further when it passes through another set of poles a negative cycle is induced in it. Hence, for a completion of one cycle of emf, 4 poles are required.
Eco friendly railway station
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Khan, Yakub; Bhushan, Anil (12EE37); Shaikh, Zaid (12EE57); Siddiqui, Shahid (12EE60); Usmani, Mohd. Ahmed (12E62)
Monitoring and controlling of substation (transformer) using PLC
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Patel, Iftekar; Dhanse, Wasim (12EE13); Siddiqui, Abdul (13EE68);; Patvekar, Mustakeem (13EE67); Kondkari, Rehan (12EE26)
Electrical power system is a technical wonder. Electricity and its accessibility are the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century. A modern society cannot exist without electricity. Generation, transmission lines and distribution system are the main components of power system. Today's world most of the systems are operate on automation. Because of that the automotive system is most efficient. Automation means use of Programmable Logic controller (PLC) & Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) instead of electromechanical devices. Substation (Transformer) automation using PLC means controlling & monitoring electrical parameter (like Voltage, Current, temperature, oil level) and controlling if any fault occurs (like open circuit, short circuit, overvoltage, oil level, &temperature, etc.) in substation transformer. The fault free operation of transformer gives more impact on economic and safety in power supply to utilities and industrial and domestic consumers. A sudden breakdown/fault in a power transformer will affect unexpected production interruption, down time of equipment’s in industries and the repair/replacement of transformer; it may lead to huge investment and expenses. The insulating oil in a transformer can tell a lot about the actual state of transformer and its longevity. Main concept of our project is to control and monitor substation (transformer) using PLC. Here PLC is a medium between electrical system to take inputs and outputs bits. We can say that the system is one of the most cost effective solutions for improving reliability, increasing utilization, increasing efficiency and costs saving. PLC on the other hand is like the brain of the system, it is possible to control and operate the power system remotely. Task like oil level control, short circuit, open circuit etc.
Liquid solar array PV concentrator
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Upadhyay, Ankur; Chaudhary, Israr (11EE14); Khan, Tanveer (11EE56); Ziyahul, Haque (11EE34); Shaikh, Junaid (11EE41)
PV concentrators appear to offer significant potential saving cost. However, to date the potential saving have not yet realized due to complexities arising mainly from the mass of the physical structure needed to provide adequate support from the concentrator, cells and tracking mechanism in adverse weather condition. This report shows a mean whereby all major limitations, and cost, may be considered reduced by adopting a configuration, termed the “Liquid Solar Array” (LSA) where each element of floating array comprises a raft supporting solar tracking lens in partially-submerged water cooled PV cell assembly. An important feature of LSA is that lens can be submerged in windy conditions thereby reducing structural requirements in comparison to PV concentrator cell arrays. The paper shows that the LSA structural cost saving outweigh the cost any associated complications and lead to a projected capital cost of under US$1 per watt. The LSA mimics techniques employed by some plants that lie down to accommodate the wind, and others such as the Lotus flower that emerge from the water completely dry.
Active power and frequency analysis of smart grid using simulink
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Farade, Rizwan; Sayyed, Mohd. Ahmed (12EE04); Kadam, Amol (12EE17); Mishra, Sumeetkumar (12EE30); Utekar, Omkar (12EE63)
In this project, a Smart Grid has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for synchronization of Thermal and Wind power plant and for analysis of Active-Reactive power and grid frequency. Analysis of Active power and frequency gives the exact idea to know the range of maximum permissible loads that can be connected to their relevant bus bars. Reactive power flow between a wind turbine system and the grid is an important issue especially when the wind turbine is connected to a grid because Wind turbine power production depends on wind speed. The output power is not constant at all as wind speed changes all times. Output Voltage and frequency of these power plants must be same to avoid circulating current in existing power system network in the synchronization process. The maximum and minimum frequency deviation calculated for this smart power system network explains about the permissible range of active and inductive load applied at different load bus, from which stable working condition of the system has been deduced in order to satisfy the frequency deviation of + 3%. The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flow of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network.
Speed control of single phase induction motor by using triac
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Farade, Rizwan; Bamne, Sharique (12EE09); Kazi, Faiz (12EE18); Dabra, Gaurav (12EE14); Sayyad, Sharukh (12EE42)
A single phase induction motor physically looks similar to that of a three phase induction motor except that its stator is provided with a single phase winding. The rotor of any single phase induction motor is interchangeable with that of a polyphase induction motor. A single phase winding would produce no rotating magnetic field and no starting torque. In the stator of a single phase motor is provided with an extra winding known as starting winding. Single phase induction motors are small motors having a wide field of usefulness where a poly phase supply is not available. They are generally used in fans, blowers, washing machines, refrigerators, etc. The speed of the induction motor can be varied in a narrow range by varying the voltage applied to the stator winding. This method of speed control is suitable for such applications, where the load varies approximately as the square of speed, such as centrifugal pump drives, fan load.
Single phase to three phase cycloconverter
(AIKTC, 2016-05) Bodhle, Gulrez; Khan, Mohsin (13EE69); Khan, Shahrukh (12EE25); Shaikh, Ahmad (11EE39); Ansari, Mustafa (12EE07)
This project presents a new single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter suitable for driving an induction motor. Using discrete variable frequency technique, a single-phase to three-phase modulation strategy is proposed, the output frequency of this cycloconvertor can be up to half of the input frequency. Only six naturally communicated thyristors are employed, so the resulting cycloconverter-motor drive system is cheap and compact. Software in C and assembly language has been written for real-time control. The simulation based on Matlab/Simulink is used to predict the performance for the cycloconverter and induction motor.

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