School of Pharmacy - Project Reports

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Novel drug delivery system for Psoriasis
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Mukadam, Masarrat; Mukadam, Sabiha Rafique (16PH33); Mujawar, Faiza Faiz Ahmed (16PH32); Khan, Wsasim Mohammed (16PH25); Khan, Uzaid Mohammed Aslam (16PH27)
In this report we are preparing an ointment containing microspheres formulated with curcuminand Musturdfor the treatment of skin disease known as psoriasis. Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated auto immune inflammatory skin disease recognised by skin surface inflammation, anomalous keratinisation etc.Curcumin is a main yellow bioactive component of turmeric,possess wide spectrum of biologicalaction. antiinflammatory,antioxidants,anticarcinogenic,antifungal,antibacterial,antiprot ozoal activity.However the benefits are by its extremely poor aqueous solubility,which subsequently limits its bioavailability and therapeutic effect of curcumin. The musturd oil can applied directly on to the skin, can also help to fight with fungal infection also relieve the painful effects of rheumatism and arthritis as well as help in join a hens and pains. The aim of present work was to formulate curcumin and mustard microspheres containing sodium alginate as a microencapsulating polymer were loaded in salicylic acid cream which is prepared to be applied topically on the skin for purpose of sustaining effects of the drug. The drug release from microspheres based cream exhibited a controlled release pattern.The methodology included the use of sodium algenate containing curcumin and mustard microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method,and using DMSO as solvent for penetration enhancer. The resulting microspheres are characterize by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, the microspheres are dispersed in salicylic acid cream (1 %w/w). The cream is evaluated for appearance, homogeneity,spreadability, viscosity, ph, and in Vitro drug diffusion study. Keywords:Microspheres,Drugdelivery,preparation,applications,SEM
Synthesis of chaclon by grinding method
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Sanap, Priyanka T.; Shaikh, Asifali Murtuza Ali (15PH40); Chaudhary, Mohd. Irshad Abdul Wadood (16PH13); Siddique, Nasreen Bano MD.Usman (15PH53); Sayed, Tarannum zehra Kamar Abbas (16PH44)
The synthesis of different chalcones using substituted aldehydes and ketones with catalyst KOH, by grinding method. Keywords: Chalcones, Aldehydes, Ketones, KOH, Grinding
Evaluation of herbal formulation for diuretic activity in experimental animals
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Baig, Mirza Anwar; Bhosale, Monika Bandu (16PH11); Bhanushali, Hetal Rajesh (16PH09); Gaikwad, Abhijeet Siddheshwar (16PH16); Daud, Ibrahim Shaikh Shaukat (16PH14)
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the diuretic activity of herbal formulation (Gokhru Kadha). To investigate/propose probable mechanism of action of herbal formulation. Method: Animals were divided into 5 groups of 6 Swiss mice each. Group 1 served as control and administered with vehicle. Groups II, III and IV: Served as treatment group and a single dose of 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg/kg of HF administered orally to group II, III and IV respectively. Group V: Served as standard, treated with furosemide (10 mg/kg), and dissolved in 0.9% normal saline with CMC. Two days prior to experiments, mice were kept in metabolic cages with free access to food and water for acclimatization. Four hours before testing, the animals were fasted, with free access to drinking water only. All animals were given an oral loading of normal saline (5% by wt.). For Acute- Freshly prepared doses of test and standard drug were administered to test and standard animal group respectively. Immediately after dosing, animals were kept in metabolic cages for 6 hours and finally urine was collected, measured and filtered at the end of 6 hours 8 for various biochemical estimations. For Chronic- Daily doses of test and standard drugs were given to 4-hour fasted test and standard drug animal groups respectively for 8 days. Urine volume, urinary electrolyte level will be estimated on 24 hrs. collected urine. On 8th day, additionally urinary glucose will be estimated. Result: The Polyherbal formulations produced significant increase in Na+, K+, Cl- excretion, caused alkalinization of urine, showed strong Diuretic index, saluretic index and Natriuretic index. The higher dose of HF produced comparable effect to that of furosemide. Conclusion: As evidenced by the outcome of this study, it is reasonable to infer that the gokhru Kadha possess a significant diuretic activity in mice. Further in-depth studies are required to assess the diuretic activity in combination with the synthetic drugs and to elucidate possible mechanism of action.
Extraction of natural colorant from biowaste dates pits (seeds) for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Lal, Maria; Bawani, Al Fahad Firoj (16PH08); Kazi, Afsha Jalaluddin (16PH19); Khan, Saiqa Salamt (16PH26); Khan, Sabir Mohd. Aslam (16PH30)
Formulation and evaluation of medicated nano soft jelly
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Murugesan, Arulselvan; Sayed, Ayesha Maqbool (16PH04); Bade, Uzma Nazmuddin (16PH05); Sharma, Saransh Umesh (16PH41); Gawde, Soham Dinesh (17DPH61)
Silymarin is the extract of Silybum marianum, or milk thistle, and it is a mixture of flavonolignans (of which silybin is the most prevalent substances) and one flavonoids. It is used in different liver disorders, particularly chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic power. Silymarin also helps with the digestion of fats. Silymarin is associated with poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which is due to extensive first pass metabolism. The purpose of this study is to develop and characterize medicated Nano jelly of Silymarin for increasing bioavailability and bypass extensive first pass metabolism. The medicated Nano jellies were formulated by heating and congealing method. Batches were prepared using different concentration of gelling agents and almond gum. The prepared batches were evaluated for appearance, viscosity, size less than 240nm, pH (6.54±0.5), drug content (62% to 90%), stability, and syneresis. Analysis was done using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR & Zeta sizer. Keywords:- Silymarin, Nanojellies, Gelling Agents, congealing method
Teratogenic and hepatoprotective activity of edible lime using the zebrafish model
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Shaikh, AbuSufiyan S.; Balabhai, Iqra Zahid (16PH06); Gupta, Shubham Suresh (16PH17); Pathan, Muskan Mohin (16PH35); Shaikh, Ikrar Abrarahmad (17DPH65)
Many local Vaidya have been giving Edible lime for the treatment of jaundice and other liver diseases. Also, it is infamously consumed along with tobacco for ages. The purpose of this investigation was to determine lethal concentration 10 (LC10) and study the hepatoprotective activity of Edible lime on the zebrafish model. LC10 value of Edible lime was calculated by using probit analysis, and it was found to be 95.49 mg/L. Liver toxicity was induced in zebrafish larvae by using paracetamol. Liver atrophy, yolk sac retention, increase in optical density of liver, increased in the level of AST and ALT revealed paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in zebrafish larvae. The Edible lime showed a significant increase in liver size, and decrease in yolk sac retention, reduced liver degeneration, reduced AST and ALT level. The present study revealed the hepatoprotective activity of Edible lime.
Study of disintegrant from natural product
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Khan, Samreen; Dalvi, Deepali Vishnu (14PH06); Shaikh, Aaliya Farooque (17DPH64); Shaikh, Shahrukh Habib (17DPH67); Waghu, Neha Mohammed Ali (17DPH68)
Disintegrants are the excipients used in tablets to enhance disintegration. Natural disintegrants are used for their non-toxic behavior. Flaxseed is seed obtained from Linum Usitatissimum (Family Linaceae) and rich in polysacchride. As per literature the mucilage obtained was found promising to promote disintegrant as a tableting excipient. Extraction of the mucilage from the seed needs to be done in simple and economic way. The extraction and addition of mucilage intragranularly served the purpose of disintegrant. The extracted mucilage should be free from carbohydrate and protein. The present study showed the extracted mucilage as disintegrant and its comparison with starch. Key words: Disintegrant, Mucilage, Extraction
Anti-acne formulation
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Gaikwad, Madhuri; Khan, Maseera Banu Fazlur Rehman (16PH23); Quadri, Heena Kausar Mohammed Umer (16PH36); Khan, Uzma Khatoon Abdul Muttlib (16PH28); Khatib, Rahil Abdul Rauf (16PH29)
Acne often debuts during changes in hormonal level in pre-teens and also caused by the bacteria P. Acnes. The isolation of the herbal active principle and the determination of their structure, in order that they are synthesized or simply extracted more efficiently. Allopathy means modem scientific medicine which leads to adverse drug reaction as allopathic drugs are in chemical form. As Dr. Manoj Nesari joint adviser department of Ayush states that "there is rising trend towards Ayurveda". And the demand for herbal products world-wide has increased at an annual rate of 8%. Manjistha commonly knows as Rubia Cordifolia works on P. Acnes and its anthraquinone rich constitutent also contains anti-inflammatory, anti bacterial and anti-oxidant propety. The cream, gel and ointment formulations are prepared using alcoholic, water and alcoholic extract respectively. The formulations are characterized and evaluated on the basis of its organoleptic properties, pH values, viscosity measurement, spreadability, stress testing and determination of invitro anti-acne activity. The organoleptic properties shows that the formulations are cosmetically appealing. Cream was found to be oil soluble and pH values of formulations was found to be stable after 2 weeks. Viscosity was found to be 1500-2000 cp. Spreadability of formulations was found to be in range of 10-25 mm. Stress testing shows that the formulation has good shelf-life. And the antimicrobial activity is compared between cream, gel and ointment. Keywords Acne, P.acnes, herbal products, Manjistha, anti-inflammatory property, anti-bacterial property, anti-oxidant, property, gel, cream, ointment, anti-acne activity, anti-microbial activity.
Formulation and evaluation of in-situ ophthalmic gel
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Baig, Mirza Salman; Patel, Alfiya Ali (16PH07); Patel, Atiya Husain (16PH03); Kazi, Misbah Nasir (16PH22); Chaudhary, Gaurav Shanichara (16PH12)
The delivery of drug to eye suffer major challenges like Jess absorption & bioavailability because of drainage of the drug solution from the ocular tissue etc. In this study in-situ gel was developed to overcome this problem. In-situ gel which is considered to be in the form of a solution at room temperature which then gets transformed into a gel when it is inserted in the eye by the effect of the physiological conditions like ionic strength, pH & the temperature. In present study the gelling property due to body temperature was exploited. Various concentration of poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 mixture were prepared and evaluated. Its effect on gelling temperature was studied. Gelling at body temperature was observed for a few formulations. Further, effect of ratio of poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 was studied on gelling temperature. Evaluation for the viscosity, pH, and clarity was performed for optimum formulation. In situ gel is promising ophthalmic drug delivery dosage form
One POT synthesis of N-(2-nitrophenyl) acetamide
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Farhana, Nikhat; Khan, Shifa Mohsin (15PH24); Shaikh, Taqdees Masihuzzaman (16PH57); Sumaiya Banu, Rehmansha (16PH56); Shaikh, Md Umar Imran (16PH51)
The project was merely focusing on to carry out the disconnection approach, with existing Tylenol (acetaminophen) to develop the sustainable protocol, on one-pot synthesis. The extensive literature survey projected the background data of work done on Tylenol and its derivatives, by adopting different chemical methods, our study prime focused on to design the sustainable protocol by applying the one-pot methodology, with N-Acetylation using Mg-acetate which was the first time approach. It is also observed that the use of a catalytic amount of Mg-acetate in acetic acid is sufficient enough for smooth running of N-acetylation reactions. The procedure was chemoselective with respect to phenols, acids and alcohols. Herein we reported a simple, efficient, costeffective and environmentally benign alternative method for N-acetylation of amines using catalytic amount of Magnesium acetate in I mole of acetic acid under rotation on magnetic stirrer for 1hr at 250rpm. The reaction procedure requires no other solvent and it was a rapid process with good to excellent yields. The synthesized molecular structure was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, and Mass spectral data during XRD-analytical diffraction scan, which suggested the complete agreement on key functionality identification structure of the molecule using powdered diffractometer preliminary analysis, the data scanned and calculated accurately with 2􀟠 coverage the detection of good reflections was noted and hence we prove, on the basis of spectra the stereochemistry of functionality was different from existing Tylenol the toxicity study and biological screening are under process in our laboratory. This project would be the novel method in the future for development of antipyretic antiviral molecules if it gave positive results for the activity. Keywords: Magnetic rotation, amines, acetic acid, Magnesium acetate, N-acetylation, chemoselectivity, Toxicity, biological screening
Green synthesis and characterization of bioactive quinazolinone schiff base
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Patil, Jayshree; Shaikh, Heena Babu (16PH49); Satpute, Swati Kulbhushan (16PH43); Bhoir, Rahul Praod (16PH10); Pathan, Shahabaz Abdul Wahab (16PH47)
Schiff bases have gained importance in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields due to a broad spectrum of biological activities and have been utilized as synthons in the preparation of a number of industrial and biologically active compounds. Quinazolines and quinazolinones are medicinally important nitrogen hetero cyclic compounds. The combination of unique structural features, extensive functionalization, and very high biological activity found, both building blocks are tethered together to synthesize new chemical entity (NCE) 3- (benzylideneamino)-2-methyl-quinazolin-4-one, i.e. schiff base using lemon juice as green solvent. Utilization of fruit juices as a natural and biocatalyst permits mild and highly selective transformation and synthesis in a simplistic and environmentally friendly manner. The present synthesis proceeds via synthesis of Methyl-2- acetamidobenzoate from methyl anthranilate followed by cyclization to produce 3-amino-2-methyl quinazolin-4-one which on treament with benzaldehyde produces schiff base.The synthesized product was identified by its physical properties, melting point, TLC, FTIR and characterized by NMR. It is screened for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Compared with traditional methods, this green method was more convenient and held without generation of pollution in shorter reaction time, safer to analyst, low cost and simple to run. Keywords: Schiff base, Quinazolinone, fruit juice, bio catalyst
Method development and validation for the estimation of VORICANOZOLE by RP-HPLC
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Sheikh, Imran A.; Shaikh, Mamuni Mujibar (16PH50); Kazi, Almas Hanif (16PH20); Kazi, Azmina Khairuddin (16PH21); Ansari, Rehnuma Parveen Irshad Ahmed (16PH01)
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is been used for the Validation of voriconazole. The chromatographical condition trial carried out on a Column Symmetry C18 (4.6 x 150mm) with the particle size of (5μm). The mobile phase use is of methanol,0.1%OPA with (pH 3.0) i.e. acidic and water (40+60% v/v). (0.7ml/min) is the flow rate and the following detection was carried out at 295nm. The retention time was 10min. The parameters like Linearity, robustness, accuracy, precision is within the specific limit as per ICH guideline. The Symmetry, plate number and RSD are as per limit and satisfactorily low which is required. This analytical experiment proved to be accurate, reliable, reproducible and consistency in its results. So, this proposed method can be successfully utilized in estimation of voriconazole in any quality control of Bulk dosage form and pharmaceutical formulations.
Evaluation of phytoconstituent for anti-parkinson activity using zebrafish as a model organism
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Khan, Firoz; Shaikh, Mohd. Ikram Ikhlaque (16PH52); Ansari, Tamanna Vahajuddin (16PH02); Shaikh, Afzal Sharfuddin (16PH48); Saiwankar, Neeha Nooruddin (16PH40)
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, after Alzheimer’s disease. The incidence of PD increases after the age of 50 and rapidly increases after the age of 75. PD is characterized by motor and non-motor features. The most common motor symptoms are tremor, rigidity, akinesia (lack of movement), bradykinesia (slow movements), hypokinesia (reduced movement), that occur mainly due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, involved in the movement coordination and located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, in later stages of the disease, it affects other brain regions. Since the available medication of the drugs for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease have seen to have many extrapyrimidal side effects and lesser drugs are present of herbal origin. The purpose of this study is to check and evaluate the efficacy of the phytoconstituent (curcumin) in treatment of parkinson’s disease using zebrafish as a model organism . Curcumin, a yellow pigment present in turmeric has been shown to exhibit numerous activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, thrombosuppressive and cardiovascular as well have potential to show anti Parkinson activity, is extracted from one of the approved methods and characterized using thin layer chromatography technique. Curcumin related to neuroprotection is its anti-oxidant function that can protects substantia nigra neurons, increases striatal dopamine level , which is necessary for the treatment of parkinson’s disease. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Zebrafish, Curcumin.
Preparation and evaluation of herbal formulation; Hand sanitizer
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Sayed, Ajaz Ahmed Kutub Ali; Quadri, Shagufta Khatoon Mohammed Qamar (16PH37); Shaikh, Mohammed Taqi Mohammed Ismail (17DPH66)
Hand sanitization is a crucial criteria in case of infection control. Hands are the prime culprit for the transmission of deadliest microorganisms to other body parts and other person as in communicable diseases. Application of Hand Sanitizers is significant in handling young infants, before preparing food, using bathroom, in hospitals (to impede nosocomial infections), etc. The present study used herbal drugs viz. Pomegranate peel, Lemon seed and Mace which comprises of active principle responsible for antibacterial activity. Extracted active principles were used to formulate an alcohol-based herbal hand sanitizer gel. The formulation was evaluated on the basis of various physical and microbiological parameters including homogeneity, pH and Viscosity testing; and In-vitro Antimicrobial activity by Agar plate diffusion method, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Determination of MIC respectively. The formulation was compared with the standard and gave promising results. This formulation might be useful in prevention of transmission of COVID-19 due to its dual merits, firstly its an alcohol based sanitizer and due to ethanol the envelop of the virus will be affected and hence killed of easily; secondly it contains Pomegranate peel extract which according to several studies as quoted by News -1 report is a known to degrade Corona virus 60 folds faster when given with Oseltamivir during the emergence of Corona infection. Keywords: Hand sanitization; Herbal sanitizer; Antimicrobial activity; Pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.); Lemon seed (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle); Mace (Myristica fragrans); tannins; terpenes; COVID-19.
Computer aided drug design, its success and limitation
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Ansari, Nikhat; Bengal, Gajanan Bhujangrao (17PH05); Dabir, Safa Rafique (17PH07); KArbari, Tuba Salim (17PH16); Sayyed, Gufran Ali Meer Ajagar Ali (17PH42)
Moderndrugdiscoveryischaracterizedbytheproductionofvastquantitiesofcompoundsand theneedtoexaminethesehugelibrariesinshortperiodsoftime Theneedtostore,manageandanalyzetheserapidlyincreasingresourceshasgivenrisetothe fieldknownascomputer-aideddrugdesign(CADD). CADDrepresentscomputationalmethodsandresourcesthatareusedtofacilitatethedesign anddiscoveryofnewtherapeuticsolutions. Digitalrepositories,containingdetailedinformationondrugsandotherusefulcompounds,are goldminesfortheStudyofchemicalreactionscapabilities.Designlibraries,withthepotentialto generatemolecularvariantsintheirentirety,allowtheselectionandsamplingofchemical compoundswithdiversecharacteristics. Structure-baseddrugdesignandligand-baseddrugdesign aretwomethodscommonlyusedincomputer-aideddrugdesign.Inthisarticle,wediscussthe theorybehindbothmethods,aswellas theirsuccessfulapplicationsandlimitations.
Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of polyherb gel
(AIKTC, 2020-05) Shaikh, Saba; Sarguru, Rimsha Abdul Shakoor (16PH42); Shaikh, Munazza Mohammad Irfan (16PH54); Hawai, Owais (15PH09)
The practice of herbal medicine has existed since prehistoric times as the primary form of medicine. In this space age where the technology has very much advanced, herbal medicines still flourish and are finding exceptional acceptance in both the developing and the developed countries due to their natural origin and lesser side effects. Besides widespread use of botanicals as medicinal products in developing countries, such products are fast becoming a part of the integrative healthcare systems of the industrialized nations, known as complementary and alternative systems of medicine. A number of herbal traditions have come to dominate the practice of alternative medicine. These include the western herbal tradition based on Greek, Roman and medieval sources, the essentially Ayurvedic tradition of India and the Chinese herbal medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine continues as a distinct branch of modern medical practice .The traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays a significant role in South Africa also, where it forms a part of the culture and beliefs of the indigenous population and also features significantly in primary health care. Botanicals or phytomedicines have always been a major component of traditional systems of healing in developing countries, which have also been an integral part of their history and culture. In the ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda and Siddha are such examples [1].
Overview of skin whitening agents
(AIKTC, 2021-05) Baig, Mirza Salman; Shaikh, Mohd Umair Afaque Ahmed (16PH53); Dubey, Kavita Gangeshwar (17PH17); Ansari, Farzeen Abulhasan (17PH02); Shaikh, Noman (15PH45)
Skin whitening agents and depigmentation are one of the ancient practices that have been developed day by day from its beginning. It is common in many cultures of the world. Earlier natural whitening agents were the only option for preparation. But nowadays, many artificial (man-made) agents are the mostly used skin whitening agents available in the market. However, these whitening agents may produce side effects after applying on the skin for a long time and some of the whitening agents are also banned in different regions of the world. Alternatively, arbutin, kojic acid, and nicotinamide are also used in the western regions. This article gives an overview of the mostly used skin whitening agents with their benefits and side effects with all the required information. Keywords: Skin Whitening Agents, Types, Benefits, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action.
Overview on solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs
(AIKTC, 2021-05) Khan, Samreen; Ghankar, Shaista Sikandari (17PH10); Qureshi, Uzma Javed (17PH40); Khan, Rizwan Gulam (15PH21); Gupta, Rahul Ramnaresh (17PH11)
Solubility is a spontaneous interaction of two or more substances to form a homogeneous molecular dispersion. The extent of a solubility of substance in a specific solvent is measured as the saturation concentration , where adding more solute does not increase the concentration of solution. There are different factors which affects the solubility of drugs are temperature , particle size , solubility curves etc. Solubility of drug is the important parameter in achieving pharmacological activity. As efficacy of drug is depends on its solubility and bioavailability of drug. Poor solubility and dissolution create problems in manufacturing of various dosage forms. There are various techniques which enhances solubility of poorly soluble drug such as Solid Dispersion , Nanosuspensions . They improve solubility of drug and its efficacy. Solid dispersion is occurred by evaporating solvent. There are different surfactants which added to achieve stability of drugs and prevent recrystallization. Natural gums can be used as an excipient to improves the solubility .
Role of moisturizers and people reference towards it
(AIKTC, 2021-05) Lal, Maria; Khan, Farheen Salman (17PH08); Halde, Rafat Zubair (17PH13); Kazi, Aqsa Mohammed Husain (17PH18); Syed, Shahnawaz Abdul (18DPH07)
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, which protects us from entry of microorganisms, regulate our body temperature. It serves as a barrier against physical and chemical attack. It also acts as a thermostat in maintaining body temperature, shields the body from invasion by micro-organisms, protects against UV rays and plays a role in regulation of blood pressure. There are thousands of diseases that we come across now-a-days among which, dry skin called xeroderma, acne, seborrhea are the most commonest for which the people are getting introduced to skin moisturizers; which are available in varieties in market with different brands and many ingredients. Therefore, skin moisturizer is used by many people to keep the skin hydrated and make it feel soft and smooth, maintain skin health and treat seborrhoea. With the increasing demand of skin moisturizer by people, we did a survey to examine people preference towards it, why they use moisturizer and what’s their expectations from it.
Lemon juice; Efficient and eco-friendly natural catalyst for one pot multicomponent synthesis
(AIKTC, 2021-05) Khan, Firoz; Shaikh, Zarrin Banu Mohammed Arif (17PH57); Khan, Hana Tabassum Abul Wafa (17PH21); Khan, Mushahidul Islam (16PH34); Shaikh, Mohd Zishan Nasir (17PH48)
Citric acid present in lemon juice is used as natural acid catalyst for one pot synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds with formation of products in high yield.Among other fruit extract lemon juice is given top priority for one pot multicomponent synthesis due to feature such as non toxic inexpensive, easily available, biodegradable.The catalyst is many organic reaction reflectors the importance and High expectation in kofield of research.Citric acid plays an important role as biocatalyst in the synthesis of key intermediate for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a convergent reaction in which three or more starting material react to form a single product , where essentially all or modt of the aton contribute to the newly formed product.In recent years multicomponent reaction had gain much importance in organic synthesis, since they produced the desired product in single operation without isolating the intermediate.The advantages of MCRs are one pot reactions consume very less amount of solvent or no solvent, superior atom economy, generally takes less time compared to divergent reaction,lower cost, simple procedure and environment friendly. KEYWORDS One pot synthesis; lemon juice; biocatalyst; citric acid.

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